Plasmonic Photocatalysis:
Integrating Light into Catalytic Chemistry
Nanoparticle catalysts dispersed onto supports were among the first examples of nanotechnology being demonstrated for widespread commercial use. Today, nanoscale catalysts underpin the production of over 90% of chemical products, from medicines to fertilizers. Remarkable progress has been made in catalyst design and reaction engineering to the point that heterogeneous catalysts impact over 30% of the global GDP annually.
Our lab is leading the effort in the design of plasmonic photocatalysts. When certain types of metal nanoparticles are exposed to visible light at resonant frequencies, conduction electrons within the metal nanoparticle undergo a collective oscillation known as a localized surface ‘plasmon’ resonance and create large amplifications of the electric fields near their surface. By coupling these electric fields with catalytically active substrates, one can turn a good catalyst into a great photocatalyst! This idea is shown in the image on the left, illustrating a plasmonic aluminum nanoparticle antenna decorated with Pd nanoparticle reactors. These nanoparticle design strategies can be applied to various compositions and nanoscale geometries.
Our lab is currently interested in investigating dilute plasmonic alloys. These nanomaterials combine strong plasmonic host metals (like Cu, Ag, and Au) with low concentrations of transition metal dopants from the iron and platinum group. Often, our experiments are conducted in the regime where the dopant atoms are isolated at the single-atom level. Our group is making progress toward a fundamental understanding of this emerging class of photocatalytic materials by studying their synthesis, stability under operating conditions, and how energy transfers from plasmonic nanoparticles into isolated active sites and eventually into the molecules adsorbed on their surface. There is still much to learn about the basic science of plasmonic photochemistry and what types of important problems they may help solve.
Plasmonic photocatalysts have already shown impressive versatility for enhancing catalytic transformations and are in the early stages of commercialization. Our group is particularly interested in using plasmonic photocatalysts for reactions such as those that promote carbon dioxide conversion, ammonia synthesis, hydrogen evolution, and the valorization of abundant small molecules like light alkanes and biomass.
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Northwestern University
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For any inquiries about our work please direct emails to Prof. Dayne Swearer
dayne.swearer [at] northwestern [dot] com