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Stress Reactivity in Natural Settings

Low-income and minority adults are often exposed to more stressful situations in their daily lives and have fewer resources to manage their stress in healthy ways. At the same time, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist for nearly all major CVD risk factors and outcomes. Thus, differential exposure to stressful experiences coupled with limited coping resources may account for existing socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in CVD risk. The way people respond to stressful situations (i.e., stress reactivity) varies widely due to differences in environments, preferences, and constraints. However, researchers typically measure stress reactivity in laboratory settings. This is problematic because stressful experiences rarely occur in isolation, which means capturing the context surrounding these experiences is critical for the development of effective stress management interventions. We propose to fill this critical gap in the literature by examining associations of stressful experiences and stress reactivity with CVD risk factors. In 2017-2018 we conducted a pilot ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in about 40 former CHEERS participants. The women answered questioned via smartphone about stressful experiences, mood, and their environment. They also captured images of their meals and wore nonobtrusive devices to assess their physical activity, sleep, and heart rate. These data are being used to identify novel ways of measuring the body’s response to stressful experiences in natural settings.