Motivation: Economies across the globe increasingly require a sustainable and affordable infrastructure to meet the basic needs of their growing populations. Flow-assisted electrochemical systems (FAES) embody an emerging class of scalable energy storage and water purification technologies that promise enhanced scalability. At the heart of many FAES is the suspension electrode, consisting of electrically conducting particles suspended in an insulating fluid that maintains an electrically percolated network under flow. Unfortunately, existing suspension electrodes exhibit poor rheological performance.

Approach: We seek to synthesize new conductive particles for suspension electrodes that maintain low viscosity and an electrically percolated state under flow.